US-Cert Alerts

Summary

The following cybersecurity agencies coauthored this joint Cybersecurity Advisory (hereafter collectively referred to as the authoring agencies):

• United States: The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and National Security Agency (NSA)
• Australia: Australian Signals Directorate’s Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC)
• Canada: Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS)
• New Zealand: New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-NZ) and Computer Emergency Response Team New Zealand (CERT NZ)
• United Kingdom: National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-UK)

This advisory provides details, collected and compiled by the authoring agencies, on the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) routinely and frequently exploited by malicious cyber actors in 2023 and their associated Common Weakness Enumerations (CWEs). Malicious cyber actors exploited more zero-day vulnerabilities to compromise enterprise networks in 2023 compared to 2022, allowing them to conduct operations against high priority targets.

The authoring agencies strongly encourage vendors, designers, developers, and end-user organizations to implement the following recommendations, and those found within the Mitigations section of this advisory, to reduce the risk of compromise by malicious cyber actors.

• Vendors, designers, and developers. Implement secure by design and default principles and tactics to reduce the prevalence of vulnerabilities in your software.
  • Follow the SP 800-218 Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) and implement secure by design practices into each stage of the software development life cycle (SDLC). Establish a coordinated vulnerability disclosure program that includes processes to determine root causes of discovered vulnerabilities.
  • Prioritize secure by default configurations, such as eliminating default passwords and not requiring additional configuration changes to enhance product security.
  • Ensure that published CVEs include the proper CWE field, identifying the root cause of the vulnerability.
• End-user organizations:
  • Apply timely patches to systems.
    Note: If CVEs identified in this advisory have not been patched, check for signs of compromise before patching.
  • Implement a centralized patch management system.
  • Use security tools such as endpoint detection and response (EDR), web application firewalls, and network protocol analyzers.
  • Ask your software providers to discuss their secure by design program, provide links to information about how they are working to remove classes of vulnerabilities, and to set secure default settings.

Purpose

The authoring agencies developed this document in furtherance of their respective cybersecurity missions, including their responsibilities to develop and issue cybersecurity specifications and mitigations.

Download the PDF version of this report:

AA24-317A 2023 Top Routinely Exploited Vulnerabilities (PDF, 907.24 KB ) Technical Details Key Findings

In 2023, malicious cyber actors exploited more zero-day vulnerabilities to compromise enterprise networks compared to 2022, allowing them to conduct cyber operations against higher-priority targets. In 2023, the majority of the most frequently exploited vulnerabilities were initially exploited as a zero-day, which is an increase from 2022, when less than half of the top exploited vulnerabilities were exploited as a zero-day. 

Malicious cyber actors continue to have the most success exploiting vulnerabilities within two years after public disclosure of the vulnerability. The utility of these vulnerabilities declines over time as more systems are patched or replaced. Malicious cyber actors find less utility from zero-day exploits when international cybersecurity efforts reduce the lifespan of zero-day vulnerabilities.

Cybersecurity Efforts to Include

Implementing security-centered product development lifecycles. Software developers deploying patches to fix software vulnerabilities is often a lengthy and expensive process, particularly for zero-days. The use of more robust testing environments and implementing threat modeling throughout the product development lifecycle will likely reduce overall product vulnerabilities.

Increasing incentives for responsible vulnerability disclosure. Global efforts to reduce barriers to responsible vulnerability disclosure could restrict the utility of zero-day exploits used by malicious cyber actors. For example, instituting vulnerability reporting bug bounty programs that allow researchers to receive compensation and recognition for their contributions to vulnerability research may boost disclosures.

Using sophisticated endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools. End users leveraging EDR solutions may improve the detection rate of zero-day exploits. Most zero-day exploits, including at least three of the top 15 vulnerabilities from last year, have been discovered when an end user or EDR system reports suspicious activity or unusual device malfunctions.

Top Routinely Exploited Vulnerabilities

Listed in Table 1 are the top 15 vulnerabilities the authoring agencies observed malicious cyber actors routinely exploiting in 2023 with details also discussed below.

• CVE-2023-3519: This vulnerability affects Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway.
  • Allows an unauthenticated user to cause a stack buffer overflow in the NSPPE process by using a HTTP GET request.
• CVE-2023-4966: This vulnerability affects Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway.
  • Allows session token leakage; a proof-of-concept for this exploit was revealed in October 2023.
• CVE-2023-20198: This vulnerability affects Cisco IOS XE Web UI.
  • Allows unauthorized users to gain initial access and issue a command to create a local user and password combination, resulting in the ability to log in with normal user access.
• CVE-2023-20273: This vulnerability affects Cisco IOS XE, following activity from CVE-2023-20198.
  • Allows privilege escalation, once a local user has been created, to root privileges.
• CVE-2023-27997: This vulnerability affects Fortinet FortiOS and FortiProxy SSL-VPN.
  • Allows a remote user to craft specific requests to execute arbitrary code or commands.
• CVE-2023-34362: This vulnerability affects Progress MOVEit Transfer.
  • Allows abuse of an SQL injection vulnerability to obtain a sysadmin API access token.
  • Allows a malicious cyber actor to obtain remote code execution via this access by abusing a deserialization call.
• CVE-2023-22515: This vulnerability affects Atlassian Confluence Data Center and Server.
  • Allows exploit of an improper input validation issue.
    • Arbitrary HTTP parameters can be translated into getter/setter sequences via the XWorks2 middleware and, in turn, allow Java objects to be modified at run time.
    • The exploit creates a new administrator user and uploads a malicious plugin to get arbitrary code execution.
• CVE-2021-44228: This vulnerability, known as Log4Shell, affects Apache’s Log4j library, an open source logging framework incorporated into thousands of products worldwide.
  •  Allows the execution of arbitrary code.
    • An actor can exploit this vulnerability by submitting a specially crafted request to a vulnerable system, causing the execution of arbitrary code.
    • The request allows a cyber actor to take full control of a system.
    • The actor can then steal information, launch ransomware, or conduct other malicious activity.
    • Malicious cyber actors began exploiting the vulnerability after it was publicly disclosed in December 2021.
• CVE-2023-2868: This is a remote command injection vulnerability that affects the Barracuda Networks Email Security Gateway (ESG) Appliance.
  • Allows an individual to obtain unauthorized access and remotely execute system commands via the ESG appliance.
• CVE-2022-47966: This is an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability that affects multiple products using Zoho ManageEngine.
  • Allows an unauthenticated user to execute arbitrary code by providing a crafted samlResponse XML to the ServiceDesk Plus SAML endpoint.
• CVE-2023-27350: This vulnerability affects PaperCut MF/NG.
  • Allows a malicious cyber actor to chain an authentication bypass vulnerability with the abuse of built-in scripting functionality to execute code.
• CVE-2020-1472: This vulnerability affects Microsoft Netlogon.
  • Allows privilege escalation.
    • An unauthorized user may use non-default configurations to establish a vulnerable Netlogon secure channel connection to a domain controller by using the Netlogon Remote Protocol.
      Note: This CVE has been included in top routinely exploited vulnerabilities lists since 2021.
• CVE-2023-42793: This vulnerability can affect JetBrains TeamCity servers.
  • Allows authentication bypass that allows remote code execution against vulnerable JetBrains TeamCity servers.
• CVE-2023-23397: This vulnerability affects Microsoft Office Outlook.
  • Allows elevation of privilege.
    • A threat actor can send a specially crafted email that the Outlook client will automatically trigger when Outlook processes it.
    • This exploit occurs even without user interaction.
• CVE-2023-49103: This vulnerability affects ownCloud graphapi.
  • Allows unauthenticated information disclosure.
    • An unauthenticated user can access sensitive data such as admin passwords, mail server credentials, and license keys.

Table 1: Top 15 Routinely Exploited Vulnerabilities in 2023 CVE Vendor Product(s) Vulnerability Type CWE CVE-2023-3519 Citrix

NetScaler ADC 

NetScaler Gateway

Code Injection CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') CVE-2023-4966 Citrix

NetScaler ADC 

NetScaler Gateway

Buffer Overflow CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer CVE-2023-20198 Cisco IOS XE Web UI Privilege Escalation CWE-420: Unprotected Alternate Channel CVE-2023-20273 Cisco IOS XE Web UI Command Injection CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') CVE-2023-27997 Fortinet

FortiOS 

FortiProxy SSL-VPN

Heap-Based Buffer Overflow

CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write

CWE-122: Heap-based Buffer Overflow

CVE-2023-34362 Progress MOVEit Transfer SQL Injection CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') CVE-2023-22515 Atlassian Confluence Data Center and Server Broken Access Control CWE-20 Improper Input Validation

CVE-2021- 44228

(Log4Shell)

Apache Log4j2 Remote Code Execution (RCE)

CWE-917 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement ('Expression Language Injection')

CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data

CWE-20 Improper Input Validation

CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

CVE-2023-2868 Barracuda Networks ESG Appliance Improper Input Validation

CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

CWE-20: Improper Input Validation

CVE-2022-47966 Zoho ManageEngine Multiple Products Remote Code Execution CWE-20 Improper Input Validation CVE-2023-27350 PaperCut MF/NG Improper Access Control CWE-284: Improper Access Control CVE-2020-1472 Microsoft Netlogon Privilege Escalation CWE-330: Use of Insufficiently Random Values CVE-2023-42793 JetBrains TeamCity Authentication Bypass CWE-288: Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel CVE-2023-23397 Microsoft Office Outlook Privilege Escalation

CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay

CWE-20: Improper Input Validation

CVE-2023-49103 ownCloud graphapi Information Disclosure CWE-200 Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor Additional Routinely Exploited Vulnerabilities

The authoring agencies identified other vulnerabilities, listed in Table 2, that malicious cyber actors also routinely exploited in 2023—in addition to the 15 vulnerabilities listed in Table 1.

Table 2: Additional Routinely Exploited Vulnerabilities in 2023 CVE Vendor Product Vulnerability Type CWE CVE-2023-22518 Atlassian  Confluence Data Center and Server  Improper Authorization CWE-863: Incorrect Authorization CVE-2023- 29492 Novi Novi Survey Insecure Deserialization CWE-94 Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') CVE-2021-27860  FatPipe  WARP, IPVPN, and MPVPN  Configuration Upload Exploit CWE-434: Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type CVE-2021-40539  Zoho  ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus  Authentication Bypass CWE-706: Use of Incorrectly-Resolved Name or Reference CVE-2023-0669 Fortra  GoAnywhere MFT  RCE CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data CVE-2021-22986 F5  BIG-IP and BIG-IQ Centralized Management iControl REST  RCE CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) CVE-2019-0708 Microsoft  Remote Desktop Services RCE CWE-416: Use After Free CVE-2018-13379 Fortinet  FortiOS SSL VPN  Path Traversal CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') CVE-2022-31199  Netwrix  Auditor  Insecure Object Deserialization CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data CVE-2023-35078  Ivanti  Endpoint Manager Mobile  Authentication Bypass CWE-287: Improper Authentication CVE-2023-35081  Ivanti  Endpoint Manager Mobile (EPMM)  Path Traversal CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') CVE-2023-44487  N/A HTTP/2  Rapid Reset Attack CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption CVE-2023-36844 Juniper Junos OS EX Series PHP  External Variable Modification CWE-473: PHP External Variable Modification CVE-2023-36845 Juniper  Junos OS EX Series and SRX Series PHP  External Variable Modification CWE-473: PHP External Variable Modification CVE-2023-36846 Juniper  Junos OS SRX Series Missing Authentication for Critical Function CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function CVE-2023-36847 Juniper  Junos OS EX Series  Missing Authentication for Critical Function CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function CVE-2023-41064  Apple iOS, iPadOS, and macOS ImageIO Buffer Overflow CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow') CVE-2023-41061 Apple Apple iOS, iPadOS, and watchOS Wallet  Code Execution CWE-20 Improper Input Validation CVE-2021-22205 GitLab  Community and Enterprise Editions  RCE CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') CVE-2019-11510 Ivanti Pulse Connect Secure  Arbitrary File Read CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') CVE-2023-6448  Unitronics  Vision PLC and HMI Insecure Default Password

CWE-798: Use of Hard-coded Credentials

CWE-1188: Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default

CVE-2017-6742 Cisco  IOS and IOS XE Software SNMP  RCE CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer CVE-2021-4034 Red Hat  Polkit Out-of-Bounds Read and Write

CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read

CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write

CVE-2021-26084 Atlassian  Confluence Server and Data Center  Object-Graph Navigation Language (OGNL) Injection CWE-917: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement ('Expression Language Injection') CVE-2021-33044 Dahua Various products Authentication Bypass CWE-287: Improper Authentication CVE-2021-33045 Dahua Various products Authentication Bypass CWE-287: Improper Authentication CVE-2022-3236 Sophos  Firewall Code Injection CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') CVE-2022-26134 Atlassian Confluence Server and Data Center  RCE CWE-917: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement ('Expression Language Injection') CVE-2022-41040 Microsoft Exchange Server Server-Side Request Forgery CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) CVE-2023-38831 RARLAB WinRAR Code Execution

CWE-345: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

CWE-351: Insufficient Type Distinction

CVE-2019-18935 Progress Telerik Progress Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX Deserialization of Untrusted Data CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data CVE-2021-34473 Microsoft Microsoft Exchange Server RCE CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Mitigations Vendors and Developers

The authoring agencies recommend vendors and developers take the following steps to help ensure their products are secure by design and default:

• Identify repeatedly exploited classes of vulnerability.
  • Perform an analysis of both CVEs and known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs) to understand which classes of vulnerability are identified more than others.
  • Implement appropriate mitigations to eliminate those classes of vulnerability.
  • If a product has several instances of SQL injection vulnerabilities, ensure all database queries in the product use parameterized queries and prohibit other forms of queries.
• Ensure business leaders are responsible for security.
  • Business leaders should ensure their teams take proactive steps to eliminate entire classes of security vulnerabilities, rather than only making one-off patches when new vulnerabilities are discovered.
• Follow SP 800-218 SSDF and implement secure by design practices into each stage of the SDLC; in particular, aim to perform the following SSDF recommendations:
  • Prioritize the use of memory safe languages wherever possible [SSDF PW 6.1].
  • Exercise due diligence when selecting software components (e.g., software libraries, modules, middleware, frameworks) to ensure robust security in consumer software products [SSDF PW 4.1].
  • Set up secure software development team practices—this includes conducting peer code reviews, working to a common organization secure coding standard, and maintaining awareness of language-specific security concerns [SSDF PW.5.1, PW.7.1, PW.7.2].
  • Establish a vulnerability disclosure program to verify and resolve security vulnerabilities disclosed by people who may be internal or external to the organization [SSDF RV.1.3] and establish processes to determine root causes of discovered vulnerabilities.
  • Use static and dynamic application security testing (SAST/DAST) tools to analyze product source code and application behavior to detect error-prone practices [SSDF PW.7.2, PW.8.2].
• Configure production-ready products to have the most secure settings by default and provide guidance on the risks of changing each setting [SSDF PW.9.1, PW9.2].
  • Prioritize secure by default configurations such as eliminating default passwords, implementing single sign on (SSO) technology via modern open standards, and providing high-quality audit logs to customers with no additional configuration necessary and at no extra charge.
• Ensure published CVEs include the proper CWE field identifying the root cause of the vulnerability to enable industry-wide analysis of software security and design flaws.

For more information on designing secure by design and default products, including additional recommended secure by default configurations, see CISA’s joint guide Shifting the Balance of Cybersecurity Risk: Principles and Approaches for Security by Design and Default.

End-User Organizations

The authoring agencies recommend end-user organizations implement the mitigations below to improve their cybersecurity posture based on threat actors’ activity. These mitigations align with the cross-sector Cybersecurity Performance Goals (CPGs) developed by CISA and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The CPGs provide a minimum set of practices and protections that CISA and NIST recommend all organizations implement. CISA and NIST based the CPGs on existing cybersecurity frameworks and guidance to protect against the most common and impactful threats, tactics, techniques, and procedures. Visit CISA’s CPGs webpage for more information on CPGs, including additional recommended baseline protections.

Vulnerability and Configuration Management

• Update software, operating systems, applications, and firmware on IT network assets in a timely manner [CPG 1.E].
  • Prioritize patching KEVs, especially those CVEs identified in this advisory, then critical and high vulnerabilities that allow for remote code execution or denial-of-service on internet-facing equipment.
  • For patch information on CVEs identified in this advisory, refer to the Appendix: Patch Information and Additional Resources for Top Exploited Vulnerabilities.
    • If a patch for a KEV or critical vulnerability cannot be quickly applied, implement vendor-approved workarounds.
    • Replace end-of-life software (i.e., software no longer supported by the vendor).
• Routinely perform automated asset discovery across the entire estate to identify and catalogue all the systems, services, hardware, and software.
• Implement a robust patch management process and centralized patch management system that establishes prioritization of patch applications [CPG 1.A].
  • Organizations that are unable to perform rapid scanning and patching of internet-facing systems should consider moving these services to mature, reputable cloud service providers (CSPs) or other managed service providers (MSPs).
  • Reputable MSPs can patch applications (such as webmail, file storage, file sharing, chat, and other employee collaboration tools) for their customers.
    Note: MSPs and CSPs can expand their customer’s attack surface and may introduce unanticipated risks, so organizations should proactively collaborate with their MSPs and CSPs to jointly reduce risk [CPG 1.F]. For more information and guidance, see the following resources:
    • CISA Insights’ Risk Considerations for MSP Customers.
    • CISA Insights’ Mitigations and Hardening Guidance for MSPs and Small- and Mid-sized Businesses.
    • ACSC’s How to Manage Your Security When Engaging a MSP.
• Document secure baseline configurations for all IT/OT components, including cloud infrastructure.
  • Monitor, examine, and document any deviations from the initial secure baseline [CPG 2.O].
• Perform regular secure system backups and create known good copies of all device configurations for repairs and/or restoration.
  • Store copies off-network in physically secure locations and test regularly [CPG 2.R].
• Maintain an updated cybersecurity incident response plan that is tested at least annually and updated within a risk informed time frame to ensure its effectiveness [CPG 2.S].

Identity and Access Management

• Enforce phishing-resistant multifactor authentication (MFA) for all users without exception [CPG 2.H].
• Enforce MFA on all VPN connections.
  • If MFA is unavailable, require employees engaging in remote work to use strong passwords [CPG 2.A, 2.B, 2.C, 2.D, 2.G].
• Regularly review, validate, or remove unprivileged accounts (annually at a minimum) [CPG 2.D, 2.E].
• Configure access control under the principle of least privilege [CPG 2.O].
  • Ensure software service accounts only provide necessary permissions (least privilege) to perform intended functions (using non-administrative privileges where feasible).
    Note: See CISA’s Capacity Enhancement Guide – Implementing Strong Authentication and ACSC’s guidance on Implementing MFA for more information on authentication system hardening.

Protective Controls and Architecture

• Properly configure and secure internet-facing network devices, disable unused or unnecessary network ports and protocols, encrypt network traffic, and disable unused network services and devices [CPG 2.V, 2.W, 2.X].
• Harden commonly exploited enterprise network services, including Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) protocol, Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), Common Internet File System (CIFS), Active Directory, and OpenLDAP.
• Manage Windows Key Distribution Center (KDC) accounts (e.g., KRBTGT) to minimize Golden Ticket attacks and Kerberoasting.
• Strictly control the use of native scripting applications, such as command-line, PowerShell, WinRM, Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI), and Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM).
• Implement Zero Trust Network Architecture (ZTNA) to limit or block lateral movement by controlling access to applications, devices, and databases. Use private virtual local area networks [CPG 2.F, 2.X].
  Note: See CISA’s Zero Trust Maturity Model and the Department of Defense’s Zero Trust Reference Architecture for additional information on Zero Trust.
• Continuously monitor the attack surface and investigate abnormal activity that may indicate cyber actor or malware lateral movement [CPG 2.T].
• Use security tools, such as endpoint detection and response (EDR) and security information and event management (SIEM) tools.
• Consider using an information technology asset management (ITAM) solution to ensure EDR, SIEM, vulnerability scanners, and other similar tools are reporting the same number of assets [CPG 2.T, 2.V].
• Use web application firewalls to monitor and filter web traffic.
• These tools are commercially available via hardware, software, and cloud-based solutions, and may detect and mitigate exploitation attempts where a cyber actor sends a malicious web request to an unpatched device [CPG 2.B, 2.F].
• Implement an administrative policy and/or automated process configured to monitor unwanted hardware, software, or programs against an allowlist with specified, approved versions [CPG 2.Q].

Supply Chain Security

• Reduce third-party applications and unique system/application builds—provide exceptions only if required to support business critical functions [CPG 2.Q].
• Ensure contracts require vendors and/or third-party service providers to:
• Provide notification of security incidents and vulnerabilities within a risk informed time frame [CPG 1.G, 1.H, 1.I].
• Supply a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) with all products to enhance vulnerability monitoring and to help reduce time to respond to identified vulnerabilities [CPG 4.B].
• Ask your software providers to discuss their secure by design program, provide links to information about how they are working to remove classes of vulnerabilities, and to set secure default settings.

Resources

• For information on the top vulnerabilities routinely exploited in 2016–2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022:
  • Joint CSA Top 10 Routinely Exploited Vulnerabilities.
  • Joint CSA Top Routinely Exploited Vulnerabilities.
  • Joint CSA 2021 Top Routinely Exploited Vulnerabilities.
  • Joint CSA 2022 Top Routinely Exploited Vulnerabilities.
• See the Appendix for additional partner resources on the vulnerabilities mentioned in this advisory.
• See ACSC’s Essential Eight Maturity Model for additional mitigations.
• See ACSC’s Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management for additional considerations and advice.

References

• Apache Log4j Vulnerability Guidance

Reporting

U.S. organizations: All organizations should report incidents and anomalous activity to CISA 24/7 Operations Center at report@cisa.gov or (888) 282-0870 and/or to the FBI via your local FBI field office or the FBI’s CyWatch at (855) 292-3937 or CyWatch@fbi.gov. When available, please include the following information regarding the incident: date, time, and location of the incident; type of activity; number of people affected; type of equipment used for the activity; the name of the submitting company or organization; and a designated point of contact. For NSA client requirements or general cybersecurity inquiries, contact Cybersecurity_Requests@nsa.gov.

Australian organizations: Visit cyber.gov.au or call 1300 292 371 (1300 CYBER 1) to report cybersecurity incidents and access alerts and advisories.

Canadian organizations: Report incidents by emailing CCCS at contact@cyber.gc.ca. 

New Zealand organizations: Report cyber security incidents to incidents@ncsc.govt.nz or call 04 498 7654.

United Kingdom organizations: Report a significant cyber security incident at  gov.uk/report-cyber (monitored 24 hours).

Disclaimer

The information in this report is being provided “as is” for informational purposes only. CISA, FBI, NSA, ACSC, CCCS, NCSC-NZ, CERT NZ, and NCSC-UK do not endorse any commercial product or service, including any subjects of analysis. Any reference to specific commercial products, processes, or services by service mark, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation, or favoring.

Version History

November 12, 2024: Initial version.

Appendix: Patch Information and Additional Resources for Top Exploited Vulnerabilities

CVE Vendor Affected Products and Versions Patch Information Resources CVE-2023-3519 Citrix

NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway:

13.1 before 13.1-49.13 

13.0 before 13.0-91.13 

NetScaler ADC:

13.1-FIPS before 13.1-37.159

12.1-FIPS before 12.1-55.297

12.1-NDcPP before 12.1-55.297

Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway Security Bulletin for CVE-2023-3519, CVE-2023-3466, CVE-2023-3467

Threat Actors Exploiting Citrix CVE-2023-3519 to Implant Webshells

Critical Security Update for NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway

CVE-2023-4966 Citrix

NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway:

14.1 before 14.1-8.50

13.1 before 13.1-49.15

13.0 before 13.0-92.19

NetScaler ADC:

13.1-FIPS before 13.1-37.164

12.1-FIPS before 12.1-55.300

12.1-NDcPP before 12.1-55.300

NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway Security Bulletin for CVE-2023-4966 and CVE-2023-4967

#StopRansomware: LockBit 3.0 Ransomware Affiliates Exploit CVE 2023-4966 Citrix Bleed Vulnerability

Critical Security Update for NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway

CVE-2023-20198 Cisco Any Cisco IOS XE Software with web UI feature enabled Multiple Vulnerabilities in Cisco IOS XE Software Web UI Feature Guidance for Addressing Cisco IOS XE Web UI Vulnerabilities CVE-2023-27997 Fortinet

FortiOS-6K7K versions:

7.0.10, 7.0.5, 6.4.12

6.4.10, 6.4.8, 6.4.6, 6.4.2

6.2.9 through 6.2.13

6.2.6 through 6.2.7

6.2.4

6.0.12 through 6.0.16

6.0.10

Heap buffer overflow in sslvpn pre-authentication   CVE-2023-34362 Progress

MOVEit Transfer:

2023.0.0 (15.0)

2022.1.x (14.1)

2022.0.x (14.0)

2021.1.x (13.1)

2021.0.x (13.0)

2020.1.x (12.1)

2020.0.x (12.0) or older MOVEit Cloud

MOVEit Transfer Critical Vulnerability #StopRansomware: CL0P Ransomware Gang Exploits CVE-2023-34362 MOVEit Vulnerability CVE-2023-22515 Atlassian

8.0.0, 8.0.1, 8.0.2, 8.0.3, 8.0.4

8.1.0, 8.1.1, 8.1.3, 8.1.4

8.2.0, 8.2.1, 8.2.2, 8.2.38.3.0, 8.3.1, 8.3.2

8.4.0, 8.4.1, 8.4.28.5.0, 8.5.1

Broken Access Control Vulnerability in Confluence Data Center and Server Threat Actors Exploit Atlassian Confluence CVE-2023-22515 for Initial Access to Networks

CVE-2021- 44228

(Log4Shell)

Apache

Log4j, all versions from 2.0-beta9 to 2.14.1

For other affected vendors and products, see CISA's GitHub repository.

Apache Log4j Security Vulnerabilities

For additional information, see joint advisory: Mitigating Log4Shell and Other Log4j-Related Vulnerabilities

Malicious Cyber Actors Continue to Exploit Log4Shell in VMware Horizon Systems CVE-2023-2868 Barracuda Networks 5.1.3.001 through 9.2.0.006 Barracuda Email Security Gateway Appliance (ESG) Vulnerability   CVE-2022-47966 Zoho Multiple products, multiple versions. (For more details, see Security advisory for remote code execution vulnerability in multiple ManageEngine products) Security advisory for remote code execution vulnerability in multiple ManageEngine products   CVE-2023-27350 PaperCut

PaperCut MF or NG version 8.0 or later (excluding patched versions) on all OS platforms. This includes:

version 8.0.0 to 19.2.7 (inclusive)

version 20.0.0 to 20.1.6 (inclusive)

version 21.0.0 to 21.2.10 (inclusive)

version 22.0.0 to 22.0.8 (inclusive)

URGENT MF/NG vulnerability bulletin (March 2023) Malicious Actors Exploit CVE-2023-27350 in PaperCut MF and NG CVE-2020-1472 Microsoft Netlogon Netlogon Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability Russian Military Cyber Actors Target U.S. and Global Critical Infrastructure CVE-2023-23397 Microsoft Outlook Microsoft Outlook Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability Russian Cyber Actors Use Compromised Routers to Facilitate Cyber Operations CVE-2023-49103 ownCloud graphapi Disclosure of Sensitive Credentials and Configuration in Containerized Deployments   CVE-2023-20273 Cisco Cisco IOS XE Software with web UI feature enabled Multiple Vulnerabilities in Cisco IOS XE Software Web UI Feature Guidance for Addressing Cisco IOS XE Web UI Vulnerabilities CVE-2023-42793 JetBrains In JetBrains TeamCity before 2023.05.4 CVE-2023-42793 Vulnerability in TeamCity: Post-Mortem Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) Exploiting JetBrains TeamCity CVE Globally CVE-2023-22518 Atlassian All versions of Confluence Data Cetner and Confluence Server Improper Authorization in Confluence Data Center and Server   CVE-2023-29492 — — —   CVE-2021-27860  FatPipe

WARP, MPVPN, IPVPN

10.1.2 and 10.2.2

FatPipe CVE List   CVE-2021-40539  Zoho ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus builds up to 6113 Security advisory - ADSelfService Plus authentication bypass vulnerability

ACSC Alert:

Critical vulnerability in ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus exploited by cyber actors

CVE-2023-0669 Fortra GoAnywhere versions 2.3 through 7.1.2 Fortra deserialization RCE #StopRansomware: CL0P Ransomware Gang Exploits CVE-2023-34362 MOVEit Vulnerability CVE-2021-22986 F5

BIG-IP versions:

16.0.x before 16.0.1.1, 15.1.x before 15.1.2.1, 14.1.x before 14.1.4, 13.1.x before 13.1.3.6, and 12.1.x before 12.1.5.3 and BIG-IQ 7.1.0.x before 7.1.0.3 and 7.0.0.x before 7.0.0.2

K03009991: iControl REST unauthenticated remote command execution vulnerability CVE-2021-22986   CVE-2019-0708 Microsoft Remote Desktop Services Remote Desktop Services Remote Code Execution Vulnerability   CVE-2018-13379 Fortinet FortiOS and FortiProxy 2.0.2, 2.0.1, 2.0.0, 1.2.8, 1.2.7, 1.2.6, 1.2.5, 1.2.4, 1.2.3, 1.2.2, 1.2.1, 1.2.0, 1.1.6 FortiProxy - system file leak through SSL VPN special crafted HTTP resource requests   CVE-2023-35078  Ivanti

All supported versions of Endpoint Manager Mobile (EPMM), including:

Version 11.4 releases 11.10, 11.9 and 11.8

CVE-2023-35078 - New Ivanti EPMM Vulnerability Threat Actors Exploiting Ivanti EPMM Vulnerabilities CVE-2023-35081  Ivanti All supported versions of Endpoint Manager Mobile (EPMM), including 11.10, 11.9 and 11.8 CVE-2023-35081 - Remote Arbitrary File Write Threat Actors Exploiting Ivanti EPMM Vulnerabilities CVE-2023-36844 Juniper

Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX Series and EX Series:

All versions prior to 20.4R3-S9;

21.1 version 21.1R1 and later versions;

21.2 versions prior to 21.2R3-S7;

21.3 versions prior to 21.3R3-S5;

21.4 versions prior to 21.4R3-S5;

22.1 versions prior to 22.1R3-S4;

22.2 versions prior to 22.2R3-S2;

22.3 versions prior to 22.3R2-S2, 22.3R3-S1;

22.4 versions prior to 22.4R2-S1, 22.4R3;

23.2 versions prior to 23.2R1-S1, 23.2R2.

2023-08 Out-of-Cycle Security Bulletin: Junos OS: SRX Series and EX Series: Multiple vulnerabilities in J-Web can be combined to allow a preAuth Remote Code Execution   CVE-2023-36845 Juniper

Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX Series and EX Series:

All versions prior to 20.4R3-S9;

21.1 version 21.1R1 and later versions;

21.2 versions prior to 21.2R3-S7;

21.3 versions prior to 21.3R3-S5;

21.4 versions prior to 21.4R3-S5;

22.1 versions prior to 22.1R3-S4;

22.2 versions prior to 22.2R3-S2;

22.3 versions prior to 22.3R2-S2, 22.3R3-S1;

22.4 versions prior to 22.4R2-S1, 22.4R3;

23.2 versions prior to 23.2R1-S1, 23.2R2.

2023-08 Out-of-Cycle Security Bulletin: Junos OS: SRX Series and EX Series: Multiple vulnerabilities in J-Web can be combined to allow a preAuth Remote Code Execution   CVE-2023-36846 Juniper

Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX Series and EX Series:

All versions prior to 20.4R3-S9;

21.1 version 21.1R1 and later versions;

21.2 versions prior to 21.2R3-S7;

21.3 versions prior to 21.3R3-S5;

21.4 versions prior to 21.4R3-S5;

22.1 versions prior to 22.1R3-S4;

22.2 versions prior to 22.2R3-S2;

22.3 versions prior to 22.3R2-S2, 22.3R3-S1;

22.4 versions prior to 22.4R2-S1, 22.4R3;

23.2 versions prior to 23.2R1-S1, 23.2R2.

2023-08 Out-of-Cycle Security Bulletin: Junos OS: SRX Series and EX Series: Multiple vulnerabilities in J-Web can be combined to allow a preAuth Remote Code Execution   CVE-2023-36847 Juniper

Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX Series and EX Series:

All versions prior to 20.4R3-S9;

21.1 version 21.1R1 and later versions;

21.2 versions prior to 21.2R3-S7;

21.3 versions prior to 21.3R3-S5;

21.4 versions prior to 21.4R3-S5;

22.1 versions prior to 22.1R3-S4;

22.2 versions prior to 22.2R3-S2;

22.3 versions prior to 22.3R2-S2, 22.3R3-S1;

22.4 versions prior to 22.4R2-S1, 22.4R3;

23.2 versions prior to 23.2R1-S1, 23.2R2.

2023-08 Out-of-Cycle Security Bulletin: Junos OS: SRX Series and EX Series: Multiple vulnerabilities in J-Web can be combined to allow a preAuth Remote Code Execution   CVE-2023-41064  Apple

Versions prior to:

iOS 16.6.1 and iPadOS 16.6.1, macOS Monterey 12.6.9, macOS Ventura 13.5.2, iOS 15.7.9 and iPadOS 15.7.9, macOS Big Sur 11.7.10

About the security content of iOS 16.6.1 and iPadOS 16.6.1

About the security content of macOS Ventura 13.5.2

About the security content of iOS 15.7.9 and iPadOS 15.7.9

About the security content of macOS Monterey 12.6.9

About the security content of macOS Big Sur 11.7.10

  CVE-2023-41061 Apple Versions prior to:
watchOS 9.6.2, iOS 16.6.1 and iPadOS 16.6.1

About the security content of watchOS 9.6.2

About the security content of iOS 16.6.1 and iPadOS 16.6.1

  CVE-2021-22205 GitLab All versions starting from 11.9 RCE when removing metadata with ExifTool   CVE-2019-11510 Ivanti Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure versions, 9.0R1 to 9.0R3.3, 8.3R1 to 8.3R7, and 8.2R1 to 8.2R12 SA44101 - 2019-04: Out-of-Cycle Advisory: Multiple vulnerabilities resolved in Pulse Connect Secure / Pulse Policy Secure 9.0RX   CVE-2023-6448  Unitronics

VisiLogic versions before

9.9.00

Unitronics Cybersecurity Advisory 2023-001: Default administrative password   CVE-2017-6742 Cisco Simple Network Management Protocol subsystem of Cisco IOS 12.0 through 12.4 and 15.0 through 15.6 and IOS XE 2.2 through 3.17 SNMP Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities in Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software   CVE-2021-4034 Red Hat

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

Red Hat Virtualization 4

Any Red Hat product supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (including RHEL CoreOS) is also potentially impacted.

RHSB-2022-001 Polkit Privilege Escalation - (CVE-2021-4034) Joint CSA: Russian Military Cyber Actors Target U.S. and Global Critical Infrastructure CVE-2021-26084 Atlassian Confluence Server and Data Center, versions 6.13.23, from version 6.14.0 before 7.4.11, from version 7.5.0 before 7.11.6, and from version 7.12.0 before 7.12.5. Jira Atlassian: Confluence Server Webwork OGNL injection - CVE-2021-26084 Joint CSA: Russian Military Cyber Actors Target U.S. and Global Critical Infrastructure CVE-2021-33044 Dahua Various products — Joint CSA: Russian Military Cyber Actors Target U.S. and Global Critical Infrastructure CVE-2021-33045 Dahua Various products — Joint CSA: Russian Military Cyber Actors Target U.S. and Global Critical Infrastructure CVE-2022-3236 Sophos Sophos Firewall v19.0 MR1 (19.0.1) and older Resolved RCE in Sophos Firewall (CVE-2022-3236) Joint CSA: Russian Military Cyber Actors Target U.S. and Global Critical Infrastructure CVE-2022-26134 Atlassian Confluence Server and Data Center, versions: 7.4.17, 7.13.7, 7.14.3, 7.15.2, 7.16.4, 7.17.4, 7.18.1 Confluence Security Advisory 2022-06-02 Joint CSA: Russian Military Cyber Actors Target U.S. and Global Critical Infrastructure CVE-2022-41040 Microsoft Microsoft Exchange servers Microsoft Exchange Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability   CVE-2023-38831 RARLAB WinRAR Versions prior to 6.23 Beta 1 WinRAR 6.23 Beta 1 Released   CVE-2019-18935 Progress Telerik Telerik.Web.UI.dll versions:

  Allows JavaScriptSerializer Deserialization Threat Actors Exploit Progress Telerik Vulnerabilities in Multiple U.S. Government IIS Servers CVE-2021-34473 Microsoft

Exchange Server, Multiple Versions:

Q1 2011 (2011.1.315) to R2 2017 SP1 (2017.2.621)

R2 2017 SP2 (2017.2.711) to R3 2019 (2019.3.917)

R3 2019 SP1 (2019.3.1023)

R1 2020 (2020.1.114) and later

Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability, CVE-2021-34473 Iranian Government-Sponsored APT Cyber Actors Exploiting Microsoft Exchange and Fortinet Vulnerabilities in Furtherance of Malicious Activities