Malware Bytes

California has launched the Delete Request and Opt‑out Platform (DROP), a state‑run portal that lets residents send deletion and opt‑out requests to all registered data brokers in one place.

DROP was created under California’s Delete Act, which forces data brokers to register with the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) or face fines. Currently over 600 data brokers are in the registry.

Data brokers collect and sell extensive personal information, including financial details, online behaviors, and location data. This data is often gathered without explicit consent, raising concerns about privacy and transparency.

DROP is a state service that sends a standardized deletion/opt‑out request to all data brokers registered with the California Privacy Protection Agency. Starting August 1, 2026, registered data brokers in California are required to access DROP and have 90 days to delete a person’s records after a request.

How to use DROP

You’ll need to provide at least one reachable email address and/or mobile phone to verify your identity and track the request. Be ready to provide basic personal data (name, address, contact details) that brokers are likely to have and that DROP uses to match your records.

• Go to the DROP portal.
• Use the “Get Started” button on the homepage.
• Accept the terms and conditions presented by the platform by using the “I accept” button.
• You’ll need to verify that you are a California resident: you can either input your personal information manually, or authenticate via Login.gov, which allows identity verification through a federal login. If you receive the message “Unable to verify” your status as a California resident, click the link on screen to “Request a review of your eligibility.”
• After residency verification, create a deletion request:
  • Provide your email address and/or phone number to verify contact details.
  • Fill in basic information (name, address, etc.) so brokers can locate your records.
• Submit your request through DROP and you’ll receive a DROP ID that lets you track the status of your request online. Store that number somewhere.

Now, it’s up to the data brokers. They now have 90 days to delete your records and comply with opt‑out obligations. If you run into a problem there is a dedicated help site.

For non-Californians

Some other states—like Oregon, Texas, and Vermont—also require data broker registration, though only California currently offers a centralized platform like DROP. If you live in such a state, check your attorney general’s website or privacy office for a “data broker registry” or opt‑out guidance, and follow their listed processes to submit requests directly to each broker.

Even without DROP, US residents can still reduce data broker collection and sale of their data, but it requires more manual work. Where no centralized government tool exists, you can identify brokers by searching for “data broker opt‑out” and review lists from privacy advocacy groups.

For each broker you’ll have to submit individual requests:

• Use their web forms, email addresses, or postal addresses to request:
  • Deletion of your data, and
  • Opt‑out from sale or sharing of your data.

You’ll need to provide enough information to match your record (e.g., name, address, email, phone) but avoid oversharing additional sensitive data.

It’s advisable to maintain a spreadsheet with dates, brokers, and confirmations. Most privacy laws specify response deadlines, often 30–45 days, though this varies by state.

Sounds like a lot of work? Malwarebytes Personal Data Remover can help.

How to reduce future data broker collection

This is probably the only field where “security by obscurity” works.

Use multiple email addresses where you reserve one for financial/critical accounts and use aliases or disposable emails for newsletters, shopping, and registrations, making it harder for brokers to build a unified profile.

A VPN encrypts your traffic and hides your IP address, reducing the ability of websites and analytics firms to link activity to a stable, location‑based identifier.

For non‑critical services, avoid providing full legal names, exact home addresses, or phone numbers if they’re not strictly necessary. This is especially true for rewards and loyalty programs.

Your name, address, and phone number may already be for sale.  

Data brokers collect and sell your personal details to anyone willing to pay. Malwarebytes Personal Data Remover finds them and gets your information removed, then keeps watch so it stays that way. 

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Last week on Malwarebytes Labs:

• Fake Fortnite rewards are stealing players’ accounts
• Fake Flash Player installs AtlasRAT
• Malwarebytes for Windows, now available on the Microsoft Store
• Hims & Hers sued over alleged health data privacy failures
• Hidden prompt turns Microsoft Copilot into an AI worm
• Apple accused of letting fake crypto app steal $1.8 million
• Buying TikTok views or followers? Here’s what you’re really getting
• AI robocalls: Why caller ID is still lying to you
• OpenAI explains how its AI agent breached Hugging Face
• We found 120 fake Walmart stores trying to steal your credit card
• We rebuilt Malwarebytes Mobile Security for the scams of today
• Shared Claude chats were searchable on Google
• Update your iPhone, iPad and Mac to fix Apple security holes
• Vatican’s Click To Pray app exposed personal data from 700,000 users
• Aftercall ads are driving Android users crazy
• Sextortion scammers are exploiting ShinyHunters data leaks
• What’s your data worth on the dark web? (Lock and Code S07E15)

Stay safe!

Scammers know more about you than you think. 

Malwarebytes Mobile Security protects you from phishing, scam texts, malicious sites, and more. With real-time AI-powered Scam Guard built right in. 

Download for iOS → Download for Android → 

Fortnite scam pages like the ones below appear by the dozen every day, recycled endlessly under different names and designs.

One version promises $50 from a fake superhero collaboration. Another claims it can calculate what your locker is worth. Both lead to the same destination: a fake Epic Games login page designed to steal your account. It’s an old trick, but it still catches people out.

The short version

If a website promises free V-Bucks, cash, or a tool to calculate your locker’s value, then asks you to log in with your Epic account to get it, it’s not run by Epic.

Epic doesn’t offer an official tool that values accounts, and no legitimate giveaway requires you to sign in through a third-party site. You’re just handing your Epic username and password to scammers.

If you or your child entered your Epic login details on one of these sites, assume the account has been compromised. Change the password immediately, turn on two-factor authentication, and don’t reuse that password on any other accounts.

Why do they want your login?

A stolen Fortnite account can be worth real money. Criminals can take over accounts with rare skins, spend any saved payment methods, sell the account on underground marketplaces, or use it to scam the owner’s friends. They may also try the same username and password on other online accounts, hoping the password has been reused.

Why Fortnite?

Fortnite still attracts around 110 million monthly players and has more than 650 million registered accounts. That alone makes it an attractive target for cybercriminals.

The audience’s age matters too. In December 2022, the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) fined Epic Games a record $520 million, after alleging that the company knew children made up a substantial share of its player base and left voice and text chat turned on by default, exposing them to strangers. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) also cites industry experts who say young gamers are especially vulnerable to phishing because they spend more time on social media and are less familiar with social engineering.

The game is also built around visible status. Skins, emotes, and pickaxes cost real money, making the idea that “your locker has a price” feel plausible. Rare or discontinued skins really do sell for hundreds of dollars on unofficial marketplaces, even though Epic offers no official way to cash out V-Bucks and selling accounts violates its terms of service. That kernel of truth is exactly what these locker-value scams exploit.

That’s also what makes them more convincing than a simple V-Bucks giveaway. Instead of promising something for nothing, they play on curiosity about something the player already owns. That’s probably why this version keeps coming back.

How the scam works

Some pages promise rewards:

Others skip the free-reward pitch and frame the locker itself as hidden value the player is owed:

Others frame it as competition instead of currency:

The hook changes, but the fake login page doesn’t. These sites all do the same thing. They ask you to sign in with your Epic account so they can steal your username and password.

Another variant: Fake settlement claims

This one borrows a real story. Epic did settle with the FTC for $520 million, and real payments are still going out in 2026. But the real settlement pays actual dollars through the FTC’s own process, not in-game V-Bucks through an “Epic Games Locker,” and the claim window closed in July 2025.

References to an “EU Regulatory Mandate” and the case number shown on these pages don’t match any genuine legal action.

How to stay safe

Fortnite scams change constantly, but the advice doesn’t.

• Use Malwarebytes Browser Guard to block known phishing sites before they have a chance to steal your login details.
• Only sign in to your Epic account at epicgames.com. If another website asks for your Epic login, leave.
• Be sceptical of offers that sound too good to be true. Free V-Bucks, locker valuations, and surprise rewards are all common phishing lures.
• Verify refunds and settlements on the official source. If a page claims you’re owed money, check the regulator’s website yourself instead of following its links.
• Turn on two-factor authentication (2FA). It can stop attackers from accessing your account even if they steal your password.
• Use Malwarebytes Scam Guard. It can help you identify suspicious links and messages before you click.

What to do if you clicked

• Change the Epic password immediately, going directly to epicgames.com, not through the suspicious link.
• Turn on two-factor authentication if you haven’t already.
• Check your linked email for password reset requests or login alerts you didn’t make.
• Review connected devices/services on the account and remove anything unfamiliar.
• If you entered payment details anywhere, contact your card issuer and monitor your statements.
• Report the page to Epic’s support and flag it as phishing in your browser.
• If the page claims to be part of a settlement or refund, verify it on the regulator’s official website. For the Epic settlement, that’s ftc.gov.

Stop threats before they can do any harm.

Malwarebytes Browser Guard blocks phishing pages and malicious sites automatically. Free, one click to install. Add it to your browser →

Researchers have described a campaign that delivers a remote access Trojan (RAT) called AtlasRAT through a fake Flash Player installer.

People still go looking for “Flash player” because a surprising amount of content and software was built around Flash and never properly migrated. Users often just want a quick way to get those old sites, games, or business apps working again.

The underlying problem is that Adobe ended support for Flash Player on December 31, 2020, and actively blocks Flash content from running in the official player.

Attackers know some people will still search for Flash to run a game or a business app, so they wrap their malware in a fake Flash‑related installer that looks familiar and legitimate.

That’s likely why the AtlasRAT infection chain starts with a Delphi executable named FlashPlay.Exe, masquerading as an “AGE Flash Player” installer. The first-stage loader runs entirely in memory and reconstructs additional payloads instead of dropping obvious files to disk, a technique often referred to as fileless malware.

The final payload (MainDll.Dll) uses a self‑signed certificate spoofing CN=update.Microsoft.Com to initialize Transport Layer Security (TLS) client communication and encrypts Command and Control (C2) traffic.

A self‑signed certificate means the owner signs with their own key instead of a trusted certificate authority (CA). That means an attacker can create a certificate claiming to be update.microsoft.com or google.com, even though they don’t control those domains. A web browser would reject such a certificate with a warning. Custom malware, however, can simply ignore the operating system’s trust checks and use it to set up encrypted C2.

Once AtlasRAT is installed, the operator gains long‑term remote control of the infected Windows system with capabilities including:

• Collecting credentials via offline keylogging
• Gathering system information and identifying installed security products
• Exfiltrating data over encrypted channels
• Injecting DLLs into applications like WeChat, potentially allowing the attacker to monitor or manipulate messaging, or to hide malware activity or connectivity.

Based on historical data, the researchers suspect that AtlasRAT is a reusable framework or commercial offering rather than a one-off tool used by a single group.

How to stay safe

When looking for apps and software to perform a specific task, remember that cybercriminals often exploit popular searches in semi-targeted attacks. In previous campaigns, for example, AtlasRAT has also been distributed as a fake VPN installer.

Some tips to keep this RAT, and others, off your computer:

• Carefully check what you’re about to install. Sponsored search results are not a guarantee that software is legitimate.
• Use an up-to-date, real-time anti-malware solution to detect and block remote access Trojans. Malwarebytes detected AtlasRAT as Malware.AI.1710771908
• Keep your operating system, browser, and security software up to date.

From reporting threats to removing them.

Cybersecurity risks should never spread beyond a headline. Keep threats off your devices by downloading Malwarebytes today.

When you’re setting up a new PC or looking for an app you already know, the Microsoft Store is often the easiest place to start. It’s built into Windows and lets you find, install, and update apps in one place. Malwarebytes for Windows is now available there too. 

Malwarebytes for Windows is still available from our website and trusted partners. The Microsoft Store simply gives you another trusted way to get it. 

If you’ve ever helped someone set up a new PC over the phone, you’ll know how much simpler it is to say, “Open the Microsoft Store, search for Malwarebytes, and click Get.” There are no web addresses to type, and no worrying whether you’ve landed on the right download page.  

That’s important because cybercriminals use fake download pages and bogus security software to trick people into installing malware instead of the product they intended to download. Searching for Malwarebytes in the Microsoft Store gives you another straightforward way to make sure you are installing the genuine app. 

The same Malwarebytes, now in the Microsoft Store 

Installing Malwarebytes from the Microsoft Store gives you the same Malwarebytes for Windows you know and love, not a limited Store edition. 

Some desktop apps available through app stores have fewer features or capabilities than versions downloaded directly from the developer. Malwarebytes is not one of them. You get the same real-time protection, the same Windows integration, and the same features. The Microsoft Store changes where the installation begins, not what the product can do. 

That’s especially important for security software. Malwarebytes needs to run continuously in the background and work closely with Windows to help protect your PC. The Microsoft Store version isn’t a scanner-only companion app or a browser shortcut; it’s the full Malwarebytes for Windows. 

No compromises. No missing features.  

• The full Malwarebytes. You get the complete app, not a limited Store edition.  
• The same protection. Real-time security and all the features you’d expect.  
• Your choice of subscription. You’re not locked into Microsoft Store-only billing.  
• Automatic updates. Malwarebytes continues to update seamlessly, just as it always has. 

The Microsoft Store listing also gives you app information, screenshots, and another trusted place to install Malwarebytes. 

Already using Malwarebytes from our website? There’s nothing to reinstall or change. You’re already protected. 

How to get it 

Open the Microsoft Store from the Start menu or taskbar, search for Malwarebytes, and click Get. Windows handles the installation. Once it’s installed, Malwarebytes will open, ready for you to get started.  

Malwarebytes for Windows is available on the Microsoft Store now. Whether you install it from the Store, malwarebytes.com, or a trusted partner, you’ll get the same Malwarebytes protection for your Windows PC. 

From reporting threats to removing them.

Cybersecurity risks should never spread beyond a headline. Keep threats off your devices by downloading Malwarebytes today.

The US Federal Trade Commission (FTC), together with Utah and California, has filed a lawsuit against telehealth provider Hims & Hers.

The FTC alleges that the company shared consumers’ sensitive health information with third‑party advertising platforms despite promising strong privacy protections.

Hims & Hers is a telehealth and digital health platform that connects users with licensed medical providers for online consultations, prescription medications, and personal care products.

The complaint also accuses Hims & Hers of deceptive billing and subscription practices that made it hard for users to avoid charges or cancel subscriptions.

According to the FTC’s complaint, filed in federal court in California, Hims & Hers:

• Shared sensitive health data, including details about medical conditions, with ad platforms such as Meta and Snap despite privacy promises.
• Charged before consultations. The company promised users they could consult a medical provider before being charged, but the FTC says many consumers were enrolled in recurring prescription subscriptions shortly after they submitted an intake form, often without first having a consultation.
• Made cancellation difficult. Before 2023, cancellation reportedly required contacting customer service by phone, email, or chat. Even after an online cancellation option appeared, the FTC alleges the button was hidden behind multiple steps and confusing options.

From a cybersecurity and privacy research perspective, this isn’t just about a single telehealth brand. It highlights three broader trends we see repeatedly in consumer programs:

Privacy policies versus reality. A company can market itself as privacy‑focused while still integrating third‑party advertising and analytics software development kits (SDKs) that leak sensitive information. This becomes especially concerning when health‑related events are linked to user accounts or tracking cookies.

Friction as a feature. Hard‑to‑find cancellation flows and unclear billing practices are examples of “dark patterns” that nudge users into paying for services they might not have chosen given all relevant information.

Regulatory pressure is growing. Health‑related services are under increasing scrutiny, especially when they handle sensitive data and combine it with advertising platforms.

The court will ultimately decide whether Hims & Hers violated the law, but the FTC’s action sends a clear signal: regulators are paying close attention to how health‑related services collect, use, and share sensitive data.

For anyone who values online privacy, the Hims & Hers case is a reminder that “health tech” does not automatically mean “privacy first.”

How to stay safe

More often than not, the privacy loopholes are hidden in the privacy policy somewhere.

Pro tip: one thing AI is good at is reading between the lines. Ask an AI chatbot to summarize a privacy policy and identify when your information may be shared with third parties. AI makes it much easier to understand lengthy privacy policies without reading every word yourself. If companies fail to follow their own privacy policies, regulators and consumers can hold them accountable.

Other than that:

• Don’t share sensitive information unless it’s genuinely needed to provide the service.
• Use strong, unique passwords and multifactor authentication (MFA). Even if a company is compliant, breaches happen. Unique passwords and two‑factor authentication limit the damage if your account details are exposed.
• Check your browser and app permissions. Disable unnecessary tracking features where possible, and consider privacy‑focused browser settings or extensions that limit third‑party cookies and trackers.

Your name, address, and phone number may already be for sale.  

Data brokers collect and sell your personal details to anyone willing to pay. Malwarebytes Personal Data Remover finds them and gets your information removed, then keeps watch so it stays that way. 

SCAN NOW

A security researcher has demonstrated how Microsoft Copilot for Word can be tricked into spreading a self‑propagating prompt‑injection “AI worm.” The attack silently alters documents and embeds its own hidden instructions into newly created files, allowing it to spread through normal document-sharing workflows without macros or traditional malware.

The technique allows an attacker to hide a JSON‑formatted prompt as white text on a white background inside a Word document. When someone asks Copilot for Word to draft or edit content based on that document, Copilot strips away the formatting, reads the hidden text, and treats the embedded instructions as part of the user’s request.

Copilot then modifies the active document and appends the full malicious prompt as hidden white text. That new document becomes a new carrier. Anyone who later uses it as source material for Copilot triggers the same behavior, allowing the prompt injection to spread to more documents. Because the documents are created and edited by legitimate users, the attack can be difficult to trace.

The researcher could still reproduce the full worm chain even after Microsoft rolled out multiple mitigations, including upgrades to newer GPT‑5.5 and 5.6 models.

At the time of writing, there is no complete mitigation for this broader class of attacks across comparable large language model (LLM)‑based products. It’s characterized as an architectural weakness of current LLM systems: attacker‑controlled content shares the same context window as trusted instructions. Attacks that exploit this behavior are known as prompt injection attacks and may never be fixed.

How to stay safe

Treat documents from outside your organization as untrusted, especially if you plan to use them with Copilot for Word.

Review any attached document before using it as Copilot source material, and carefully verify Copilot‑generated/edited documents before sharing or reusing them.

If you don’t use Copilot, you can disable it.

Malwarebytes users can turn off Copilot under Tools > System Tweaks > Miscellaneous.

Malwarebytes setting to disable Copilot

Or in Word itself:

For individual users who don’t want Copilot in Word:

• Open Word, go to File > Options > Copilot and clear the Enable Copilot checkbox, then restart Word.
  

• In some versions of Word, the setting appears under File > Options > General in a Copilot section. In both cases, the key is unchecking the “Enable Copilot” setting.

You can also remove the Copilot icon from the ribbon by right‑clicking the ribbon, open the customization dialog, locate the Copilot/Assistance button, and removing it.

Alternatively, you can limit Copilot’s role by following these instructions:

• In Word, go to File > Account > Account Privacy > Manage Settings, and uncheck Turn on optional connected experiences. This reduces certain cloud‑powered AI features, including Copilot‑related functions that rely on those services.
• In the Microsoft 365 Admin Center, under Copilot > Settings, set Pin Microsoft 365 Copilot Chat to Do not pin Copilot chat in Microsoft 365 apps so the chat pane doesn’t appear by default in apps like Word.

This doesn’t remove Copilot entirely or stop these attacks, but it does reduce its visibility and limits some of its cloud‑assisted functionality.

From reporting threats to removing them.

Cybersecurity risks should never spread beyond a headline. Keep threats off your devices by downloading Malwarebytes today.

Apple’s tagline for its App Store says, “The apps you love. From a place you can trust.” You might love the apps, but can you trust the store? A federal lawsuit filed in the Northern District of California last week suggests not.

Three people have accused Apple of promoting a fake version of the Sparrow Wallet cryptocurrency app through its App Store, even though the real app’s developer had spent over a year telling Apple that he hadn’t produced a version for the mobile platform.

The fake app drained a combined $1.8 million from the victims’ wallets between May and August 2025, and now they’re furious with Apple for allowing it to happen.

How the scam worked

According to the legal complaint published courtesy of BleepingComputer, James Ramirez, Christopher Ellis, and Jalen Delgado downloaded a fake version of Sparrow Wallet from Apple’s App Store. It asked users to enter their recovery phrase (the 12 or 24 words that restore access to a crypto wallet), which is something a legitimate wallet app may also ask for during setup.

Instead of keeping that information private, though, the app handed it to the criminals running the scam. Once someone else has your recovery phrase, they have access to your wallet. If they transfer your cryptocurrency to another address, you cannot get it back.

Ramirez, Ellis, and Delgado say they lost approximately $875,000, $840,000, and $120,000 in Bitcoin, respectively.

Apple terminated the legit developer’s account

The real Sparrow Wallet is a desktop application for Windows, macOS, and Linux. It has never had an official iPhone app.

Craig Raw, the developer of the actual Sparrow Wallet, reported fake versions to Apple in the weeks leading up to January 2024 and publicly confirmed that month that the fake app was still live despite repeated reports.

About a year later, he tried a workaround to stop people from downloading the fake app by submitting a placeholder iOS app with screenshots explicitly warning users that Sparrow Wallet was not available on iOS. Apple responded by terminating his developer account. Thankfully it reversed it later, otherwise he would have been unable to maintain the macOS version.

The complaint also alleges that Apple featured the fake app in curated cryptocurrency collections alongside legitimate products, and allowed additional fake Sparrow Wallet apps onto the App Store even after consumers complained.

Apple’s official response, per TechCrunch, is that:

“apps impersonating others are a violation of its guidelines and it takes swift action to remove them.” Not swift enough, apparently.

The three users are now suing Apple, alleging that it misrepresented the App Store as trustworthy despite knowing about the fake apps. The complaint includes claims of fraudulent concealment, among others, and seeks a jury trial. The plaintiffs are seeking compensation for their losses, along with additional damages permitted under California law.

Not a one-off

Fake cryptocurrency apps are a trend. Kaspersky researchers recently identified 26 crypto wallet impersonators inside Apple’s ecosystem, all targeting seed phrases and recovery keys.

Rather than including malicious code directly inside the app, many of these scams direct users to a convincing fake App Store webpage, where they’re prompted to install another version of the app. That malicious version steals cryptocurrency recovery phrases or private keys by abusing enterprise distribution certificates intended for internal company apps.

How to stay safe

Apple points to its enforcement volume: it terminated 193,000 developer accounts and rejected more than 371,000 copycat submissions in 2025. Those figures come from Apple itself, with no mention of an independent audit. The company says that it uses a mixture of human review and machine learning to spot malicious apps.

If you use cryptocurrency on an iPhone, don’t assume that an App Store listing guarantees an app is genuine. Download apps using links from the developer’s official website whenever possible, and check that the developer actually offers an iPhone version before installing it.

The App Store is generally safer than downloading apps from elsewhere, but this case is a reminder that it is not infallible.

Scammers know more about you than you think. 

Malwarebytes Mobile Security protects you from phishing, scam texts, malicious sites, and more. With real-time AI-powered Scam Guard built right in. 

Download for iOS → Download for Android → 

A whole industry has sprung up around selling TikTok “growth.”

Cheap views by the hundred, pre-made ad accounts, and polished sales pages promising a repeatable path to serious revenue.

None of it is officially sanctioned by TikTok, and depending on what you’re buying, you could end up wasting money, losing your account, or handing your login details to scammers.

Scam 1: Sites selling cheap likes and engagement

Sites selling bulk engagement all look remarkably similar.

They offer small bundles of views, likes, or followers for a few pounds, usually alongside identical packages for YouTube, Instagram, and other platforms.

The sales pitch is almost always the same: “100% real profiles,” “no bots, no click farms,” and “completely safe.”

Those claims are worth reading carefully because they’re addressing the biggest concern buyers already have.

At this price point, bulk engagement is usually generated through bots, click farms, or other artificial means—the very thing these sites insist they don’t use.

Even if your engagement numbers increase initially, TikTok’s fraud detection systems can remove artificial engagement, and accounts that repeatedly use these services risk being flagged or restricted.

Scam 2: The “aged” ad account marketplace

Another common offer is bulk TikTok Ads accounts sold as “aged” or “trusted,” often bundled with a replacement guarantee if an account stops working. The pitch is that you skip the hassle of setting up and verifying a new advertising account.

The problem is that you don’t know how those accounts were created. Many are built using stolen or synthetic identities, compromised payment details, or other deceptive methods. Buying one means inheriting that history—and the very real risk that TikTok detects it and suspends the account, along with any campaigns or ad budget attached to it. A replacement guarantee won’t help if your advertising is suddenly brought to a halt.

Scam 3: The growth framework

A third type of offer is less obviously a scam and more of a marketing funnel.

Slick landing pages—often hosted on free platforms and paired with an embedded video—promise a “proven blueprint” for turning TikTok into a major source of income, usually backed by impressive but unverifiable claims about past clients.

The immediate goal is usually to collect your email address, and sometimes your phone number, before revealing what’s actually for sale. That might be a paid course, a “done-for-you” management service, or a request for direct access to your TikTok Shop or Ads account.

What happens next varies, but the common thread is the same: you’re being asked to trust an unverified third party with your business, your money, or your account.

What you’re really signing up for

Not every TikTok marketing service is a scam. But if someone’s offering thousands of views for a few pounds, bulk “aged” ad accounts, or guaranteed growth, you’re in a very different part of the market.

These services promise shortcuts. What they often deliver is fake engagement, accounts with questionable histories, or requests for access to your own account.

At best, you’ve wasted your money on engagement TikTok later strips away. At worst, you’re buying an account built on stolen information or giving an untrusted third party full access to your own.

Our advice

• Don’t pay for views, likes, or followers. Artificial engagement isn’t real growth and can put your account at risk under TikTok’s rules.
• Never share your TikTok username and password with a “boosting” service, regardless of how it’s presented.
• Don’t buy or sell TikTok Ads or Business accounts outside TikTok’s own account creation process.
• Treat “guaranteed revenue” frameworks and courses like any other business opportunity: they’re sales pages first, educational content second.

None of this is unique to TikTok. The platform’s explosive growth has simply given a familiar ecosystem of low-effort scams a new audience.

Scammers don’t need to hack you. They just need you to click once. 

Malwarebytes Identity Theft Protection catches suspicious activity before it becomes a problem.

If you feel like your phone has turned into a scam megaphone, you’re not alone. Robocalls have been a problem for years. Artificial intelligence (AI) is making them slicker, faster, and harder to spot.

A new investigation by Transaction Network Services (TNS) shows that while the big telecom players have stepped up caller ID authentication, many smaller providers are still lagging behind. That leaves plenty of room for criminals to keep making spoofed, AI‑voiced robocalls that seem legitimate right up until they empty your bank account.

Turning back the clock to 2019, lawmakers in the US passed the TRACED Act with a simple goal: make it harder for scammers to lie about who’s calling. The technical was solution STIR/SHAKEN, a pair of catchily-named standards that let phone networks cryptographically sign calls so downstream providers can check whether the caller ID is trustworthy.

On paper, it’s working fairly well for the major carriers. TNS reports that about 85% of voice traffic between Tier 1 networks in 2025 was signed using STIR/SHAKEN, and 93% of those calls received the highest “A” attestation. If the entire ecosystem looked like that, spoofing would become much harder.

Why spoofing still works

The same report found that most lower‑tier communications service providers—typically smaller or specialist carriers—aren’t even close to that level of protection. On average, they only use the required cryptographic signatures about 20% of the time. That means four out of five calls effectively go through the network “unsigned.”

There are reasons for this. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has granted some providers extensions, particularly very small and satellite providers, as long as they implement other robocall mitigation measures. Even so, the result is uneven implementation.

From a scammer’s point of view, this is great. Cybercriminals are already using AI to run increasingly sophisticated and scalable robocall attacks and know that even calls with strong authentication can be spoofed or abused when other parts of the chain are weak.

AI voice cloning can be done with just a few seconds of original audio. Combine that with call spoofing and personal information gathered from data breaches, and scammers can make a call appear to come from your bank while using a calm, familiar voice that knows your name or other personal details.

Robocalls cost almost nothing to send. Internet calling allows scammers to dial thousands of numbers for a few cents, which is why the volume is so high. Industry estimates suggest US consumers received around 55 billion robocalls in 2025, with projections creeping toward 60 billion in 2026. That’s roughly 160 million spam calls every single day in one country. Globally, that’s about 385 billion spam/robocall calls each year.

How to stay safe

What can you realistically do as a consumer, given that the network itself is still in transition and attackers are upgrading faster than some carriers?

A few habits still go a long way:

• Be skeptical of urgency. Real organizations rarely need you to make immediate decisions over the phone about payments, credentials, or remote access. Hang up and call back via a number you find on their official website.
• Treat caller ID as a clue, not proof. Even if the number looks familiar or matches what you see on a card or website, it can be spoofed.
• Don’t press buttons or follow instructions in automated menus you didn’t expect. Many robocalls use “press 1 to speak to an agent” as the gateway into a full social‑engineering script.
• Use call‑blocking and screening tools. Your phone, carrier, or security app may already offer options to block known spam numbers, send unknown callers to voicemail, or label suspicious calls.

And finally—and this is where we can help—check suspicious numbers with our Scam Number Check before you answer or call back.

Scammers know more about you than you think. 

Malwarebytes Mobile Security protects you from phishing, scam texts, malicious sites, and more. With real-time AI-powered Scam Guard built right in. 

Download for iOS → Download for Android → 

On July 28, OpenAI published an update on the agent that escaped its sandbox and hacked into Hugging Face during an internal cybersecurity evaluation.

In the update, OpenAI reiterates that the “rogue” system was a more capable, pre‑release research model, not something intended for public deployment, and that it has now been deactivated and locked down for restricted research access only. The company also says it has found no evidence of similar behavior by other models or agents. Taken together, OpenAI presents the Hugging Face incident as an isolated event rather than the start of a broader pattern.

From a security standpoint, four things in the update stand out:

• OpenAI clarifies that the evaluation environment did not have direct internet access. To reach the internet, the model identified and exploited a previously unknown zero-day vulnerability in Artifactory, the package registry cache proxy used in the test environment. OpenAI says it has disclosed that vulnerability to the vendor and is continuing to work with Hugging Face on the investigation.
• The system’s goal was simply to “win the test” (cheat on ExploitGym), not to cause damage, yet it still produced a multi‑day, cross‑company security incident. Benign intent did not limit the impact.
• “Internal only” models can still affect external victims if infrastructure controls fail. A lab environment does not magically contain cyber‑capable systems.
• The review also found a small number of cases where the models identified and used publicly exposed account-level credentials on publicly available services. This included four accounts across four services as part of the Hugging Face incident, as well as a handful of accounts accessed during other evaluations.

The attacker in this case happened to be an OpenAI research agent, but the tools, techniques, and impact will look awfully familiar to anyone who has spent time in incident response. Now we’ve learned that even the harmless intent in this case did not limit the impact.

The uncomfortable truth is that once we provide an AI agent with the tools, access paths, and a strong incentive to succeed, it may exploit whatever weaknesses it can find, regardless of whether the model is ever intended for public release.

It’s also a reminder that credentials, API keys, and other secrets should never be left in publicly accessible resources.

From reporting threats to removing them.

Cybersecurity risks should never spread beyond a headline. Keep threats off your devices by downloading Malwarebytes today.

Shoppers browsing on their phones are landing on convincing Walmart lookalike sites offering name-brand liquor at 40% to 70% off, only to be led straight to a checkout page asking for a full credit card number, expiry date, and CVV.

The sites have no connection to Walmart. They’re part of a network of more than 120 near-identical domains built to look like a legitimate retailer just long enough to steal your card details.

Fake Walmart websites

The name “Walmart” is doing most of the work here. It’s one of the most recognized retailers in the world, and it’s that familiarity that makes people lower their guard. A shopper who’d hesitate on an unfamiliar website may think nothing of an unusually large discount because the logo, colours, and layout look familiar.

That trust hasn’t been earned by the site. It’s borrowed from a brand that has nothing to do with it.

If you’ve entered your card details on one of these pages, the safest assumption is that your card has been compromised.

How the scam works

The scam follows a simple pattern: a Walmart-branded homepage, category pages stacked with heavily discounted liquor, and a checkout form asking for full card details.

The discounts do much of the persuading. Seeing premium brands advertised at 60% or 70% off encourages people to buy first and ask questions later.

The same WordPress/WooCommerce template powers every site in the network. They share the same product catalogue, prices, and images. The only differences are fabricated US business addresses and phone numbers that are swapped out for each domain.

How to avoid this scam

• Be sceptical of discounts that don’t match a retailer’s usual promotions, especially on liquor or electronics.
• Check the address bar before entering payment details. A genuine Walmart sale won’t send you to an unfamiliar .shop domain.
• Use tools that can identify scam websites automatically, such as Malwarebytes Browser Guard on desktop, or ask Scam Guard if it thinks a domain is suspicious.
• On mobile, where these sites are designed to work, Malwarebytes Mobile Security can block known phishing and scam domains before you reach the checkout.

If you already entered your card details

• Contact your card issuer immediately. Explain what happened and ask whether the card should be cancelled and replaced.
• Watch your account for unauthorized charges, including small “test” transactions.
• Report the domain through your browser’s phishing reporting feature and to the FTC at reportfraud.ftc.gov if you’re in the US.

The simplest defence is also the most effective: if a retailer needs a lookalike domain to sell you something, it’s probably a scam.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

allgoodscenter.shop, allneedsbay.shop, allneedslane.shop, allneedsmarket.shop, allneedsstore.shop, allpurposebay.shop, basketandmore.shop, broadbasket.shop, broadbasketbay.shop, broadbasketco.shop, broadbasketlane.shop, broadbasketplace.shop, broadbasketway.shop, broadchoice.shop, broadgoodsbay.shop, broadgoodscenter.shop, broadgoodsplace.shop, broadgoodsway.shop, broadmarketplacehub.shop, broadutility.shop, broadutilityhub.shop, broadvalue.shop, broadvaluebay.shop, broadvalueplace.shop, cartandcrate.shop, completehomegoods.shop, dailybasketport.shop, dailybasketway.shop, dailychoiceway.shop, dailycrate.shop, dailyfindslane.shop, dailygoodscrest.shop, dailygoodsfield.shop, dailygoodspark.shop, dailygoodsridge.shop, dailygoodsway.shop, dailygoodswayhub.shop, dailyhomemarket.shop, dailyutilitybay.shop, dailyutilityway.shop, everydaycartshop.shop, everydayneedsco.shop, everydayvaluebay.shop, generalcart.shop, generalcartlane.shop, generalgoodsport.shop, generalgoodsridge.shop, generalgoodsway.shop, generalgoodsyard.shop, generalmarketbay.shop, generalmarketfield.shop, generalneedsplace.shop, generalvaluebay.shop, goodsandhomebay.shop, goodsandhomeco.shop, goodsandhomehub.shop, goodsandlivinghub.shop, goodsandmoreco.shop, goodsandvaluehub.shop, goodsdistrict.shop, goodslanding.shop, goodsmeadow.shop, goodsroute.shop, goodsvalley.shop, homeandutility.shop, homebasketlane.shop, homebasketway.shop, homecartcenter.shop, homefieldmarket.shop, homefindsco.shop, homegoodscrate.shop, homegoodsport.shop, homegoodsway.shop, homelivinggoods.shop, homeneedslane.shop, homeneedsmarket.shop, homeparcel.shop, homesteadmart.shop, homeutilitystore.shop, homevaluebay.shop, homevalueplace.shop, homevalueway.shop, marketbasketcenter.shop, marketcanvas.shop, marketchoicebay.shop, marketchoiceplace.shop, marketfieldhub.shop, marketfindsbay.shop, marketfoundry.shop, marketgrovehub.shop, markethomeplace.shop, marketpillar.shop, marketpine.shop, marketridge.shop, markettrailway.shop, marketwarehouse.shop, modernsupplyhub.shop, smartbasketplace.shop, smartdailygoods.shop, smartneedshub.shop, smartutilityhub.shop, smartvaluebay.shop, trustedgoods.shop, usefulbasketlane.shop, usefulcartcenter.shop, usefulchoicebay.shop, usefuldailyhub.shop, usefulgoodsbay.shop, usefulgoodscenter.shop, usefulgoodspark.shop, usefulgoodsway.shop, usefulgoodswayhub.shop, usefulgoodsyard.shop, usefulmarket.shop, usefulmarketbay.shop, usefulshelf.shop, usefulutility.shop, usefulvalueplace.shop, utilitygoods.shop, valuechoicebay.shop, valuegoodspark.shop, valuegoodsridge.shop, valuegrove.shop, valueparcel.shop

Stop threats before they can do any harm.

Malwarebytes Browser Guard blocks phishing pages and malicious sites automatically. Free, one click to install. Add it to your browser →

Nearly half of people encounter a scam on their phone every single day. Malwarebytes is doing something about it.  

That figure comes from a 2025 Malwarebytes survey of 1,300 respondents across the US and Europe. The results paint a troubling picture. A quarter of the victims surveyed reported being harassed or blackmailed, while nearly one in five had private information exposed, and 15% lost money.  

“I felt like I was in a horror movie,” said one survey respondent. “I never thought it would happen to me like this.”  

Your phone is a scammer’s dream. You use it to bank, message, shop, and more. It’s an ideal gateway for anyone looking to take advantage of you. And today’s scams aren’t limited to just one app or program. They show up as texts and delivery notifications, as calls that spoof a trusted number, and as social media DMs. 

Increasingly, AI is making all of this much harder to detect. Malwarebytes research found that half of people feel unprepared for the sophistication of these AI-driven threats. Phone scams now rank among the top five scam types people encounter, according to Malwarebytes Scam Guard data.  

Part of the problem is misplaced trust. According to Malwarebytes’ data, roughly half of people—55% of iPhone owners and 50% of Android owners—said they believe their phone’s security is enough to keep them safe. But relying on those protections alone can leave people vulnerable. 

Malwarebytes detected more than 800,000 distinct strains of Android malware last year and expects that number to cross 1 million in 2026. 

Your phone needs more than just a lock screen to stay safe. That’s why we’ve rebuilt Malwarebytes Mobile Security. It puts scam protection first, and it’s backed by all our other tools to keep your phone secure. 

Built for today’s scams 

Here’s how Malwarebytes Mobile Security helps keep scams away from you and your data. 

Scam Guard is a free AI-powered tool built into Mobile Security for both Android and iOS. Got a suspicious text, email, phone number, link, or message? Drop it into Scam Guard and get an instant read on whether it’s a scam, along with guidance on what to do next.  

Text and Call Protection now catches significantly more junk and scam messages than before. Updated filtering that reviews shortened links more closely and flags suspicious content, like romance-scam language or unexpected money requests, before it reaches your inbox. Call Protection checks every incoming call against known scam and spam numbers, so you can block or flag them automatically instead of gambling on whether to pick up. It’s live now on iOS, with Android rolling out later this summer. 

Malwarebytes Digital Footprint Portal’s free scanner shows you which of your personal details—passwords, Social Security numbers, and more—are already exposed and offers straightforward steps to keep them safe. 

Trusted Advisor gives your device a Protection Score and recommends simple steps to strengthen your security, from adjusting settings and permissions to running a scan or updating your device. 

Expanded ad blocking on iOS now lets you filter Google Sponsored Ads in Safari—a browser that scammers frequently abuse to make fraudulent campaigns look legitimate. 

Android Junk Cleaner removes leftover files, temporary data, and outdated cache files that build up on your device over time. A cleaner, faster phone is easier to manage and gives you the space you need to install important security updates.

There’s more Here’s everything else Mobile Security protects you from: 

Our Malware Scanner (Android) scans for and removes malware and potentially unwanted programs, including screen lockers and adware. 

Real-Time Protection (Android) proactively defends against ransomware, PUPs, and phishing attempts in real time. 

Wi-Fi Monitoring (iOS) warns you when you connect to an insecure network so you can take action by turning on your VPN. 

Malwarebytes Privacy VPN keeps your browsing private with a fast WireGuard connection and a strict no-logs policy supported by diskless, RAM-only server infrastructure. 

Phone scams aren’t going anywhere, but protecting yourself doesn’t have to be complicated. Malwarebytes Mobile Security brings together the tools you need to recognize scams, protect your privacy, and keep your phone safer, all in one app. 

Download Malwarebytes Mobile Security for iOS or Android and use your phone with more confidence. 

Reddit users found that by using a specific Google search query, it was possible to find Claude conversations that users had shared.

This exposed sensitive material, including crypto wallet keys, names, addresses, work notes, and even erotic or otherwise policy-violating chats. Fortune says Anthropic appears to have fixed the Google indexing issue, but the shared links themselves were still live for people who already had them.

The exposure was tied to Claude’s Share feature, which creates a public web link to a snapshot of a conversation rather than leaving it inside a user’s private account. Reddit users found a search query that surfaced many of these shared chats, plus Claude Artifacts (interactive documents, apps, and other content created by Claude) in Google results. Wired reports that this is still true for Bing.

The main risk is that people use chatbots to think through work, health, legal, or personal matters without realizing that a shared link can behave like ordinary public web content.

This isn’t unique to Claude. We’ve previously seen Grok chats show up in Google search results, and Meta AI conversations can also become public by design. We have also written about the share option in ChatGPT that was swiftly removed after users unintentionally made thousands of conversations searchable.

Anthropic says Claude chats are private by default, and only conversations users explicitly chose to share were affected. But the incident is a reminder that a “share” button on an AI chat can be more like publishing than messaging, especially if search engines can discover the resulting URL.

How to stay safe

The easy way out here is not to share your AI chatbot conversations with anyone, because you could end up reaching more people than you intended.

That’s because it’s harder to stop pages from being indexed than you might expect. And you don’t have those controls in your hands. The AI provider should take care of that.

But there are a few things you can do:

• Don’t share Personally Identifiable Information (PII) with a chatbot, so that if a conversation is ever exposed it can’t be easily linked back to you.
• To review or stop sharing conversations in Claude, go to Settings > Privacy > Shared chats.
• If you’re using an AI service from a social media company, such as Meta AI, Grok, or Gemini), remember that your conversations could be tied to your account—which might contain a lot of personal information.
• When using AI, make sure you understand how to keep your conversations private. Many services offer temporary or incognito chats that aren’t saved to your history, but they aren’t a guarantee against bugs, leaks, or data breaches. Only use the share feature when you’re comfortable with anyone potentially seeing that conversation.
• Read the privacy policy so you understand how your conversations are stored and shared. If it’s too long, you can always ask an AI to summarise the important points.

Let’s face it, an incognito window can only do so much. 
 
Breaches, dark web trading, credit fraud. Malwarebytes Identity Theft Protection monitors for all of it, alerts you fast, and comes with identity theft insurance. 

Apple has shipped a hefty round of July security patches, headlined by iOS/iPadOS 26.6, macOS Tahoe 26.6, and Safari 26.6, with dozens of vulnerabilities squashed across kernel, WebKit, media frameworks, and core apps. These updates are primarily about improving security rather than adding new features, and users should install them as soon as possible.

Updates for your particular device

The table below shows which updates are available and points you to the relevant security content for that subject.

iOS 26.6 and iPadOS 26.6iPhone 11 and later, iPad Pro 12.9-inch 3rd generation and later, iPad Pro 11-inch 1st generation and later, iPad Air 3rd generation and later, iPad 8th generation and later, and iPad mini 5th generation and latermacOS Tahoe 26.6macOS TahoemacOS Sequoia 15.7.8macOS SequoiamacOS Sonoma 14.8.8macOS SonomatvOS 26.6Apple TV HD and Apple TV 4K (all models)watchOS 26.6Apple Watch Series 6 and latervisionOS 26.6Apple Vision Pro (all models)Safari 26.6macOS Sonoma and macOS Sequoia How to update your Apple devices How to update your iPhone or iPad

For iOS and iPadOS users, here’s how to check if you’re using the latest software version:

Go to Settings > General > Software Update. You will see if there are updates available and be guided through installing them.

Turn on Automatic Updates if you haven’t already—you’ll find it on the same screen.

How to update macOS on any version

To update macOS on any supported Mac, use the Software Update feature, which Apple designed to work consistently across all recent versions. Here are the steps:

• Click the Apple menu in the upper-left corner of your screen.
• Choose System Settings (or System Preferences on older versions).
• Select General in the sidebar, then click Software Update on the right. On older macOS, just look for Software Update directly.
• Your Mac will check for updates automatically. If updates are available, click Update Now (or Upgrade Now for major new versions) and follow the on-screen instructions. Before you upgrade to macOS Tahoe 26, please read these instructions.
• Enter your administrator password if prompted, then let your Mac finish the update (it might need to restart during this process).
• Make sure your Mac stays plugged in and connected to the internet until the update is done.

How to update your Safari browser

Safari updates are included with macOS updates, so installing the latest version of macOS will also update Safari. To check manually:

• Open the Apple menu > System Settings > General > Software Update.
• If you see a Safari update listed separately, click Update Now to install it.
• Restart your device when prompted.

If you’re on an older macOS version that’s still supported (like Sonoma or Sequoia), Apple may offer Safari updates independently through Software Update.

Technical details

Among the more interesting vulnerabilities patched in this update are CVE-2026-43818 in ImageIO,  CVE-2026-43776 in AppleDouble, and CVE-2026-64763 to 64766 in SceneKit.

Although found in different applications, these vulnerabilities have one thing in common. Their descriptions say:

“Processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to unexpected app termination or arbitrary code execution.”

The identical “processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to unexpected app termination or arbitrary code execution” language is not a coincidence. It’s Apple’s standard impact boilerplate for file‑parsing bugs across multiple frameworks, including ImageIO, AppleDouble, and SceneKit. The similarities reflect shared exploitation patterns (untrusted file input hitting native parsers), while the differences lie in what each framework does and which file types/contexts are affected.

ImageIO is the system framework responsible for reading and displaying image formats such as JPEG, PNG, TIFF, RAW, GIF, and other formats. It’s used throughout iOS and macOS by apps including Photos, Safari, Messages, Mail, and Preview.

SceneKit is a 3D graphics and scene graph framework used for rendering models, animations, and complex 3D scenes in apps and games on Apple platforms. It parses scene description files and 3D assets and turns them into renderable content.

AppleDouble is something macOS uses behind the scenes to keep extra file information like icons and other Finder details in cases where your files live on certain types of disks or servers. When Apple mentions “AppleDouble” in security notes, it’s talking about the code that reads and writes that hidden metadata, particularly when files are stored on network drives or shared with non‑Apple systems.

Apple’s advisories reuse a standard warning for any memory‑corruption bug in a file parser: the best‑case outcome is just a crash, the worst case is someone running their malicious code on your device. ImageIO, AppleDouble, and SceneKit all sit in that same danger zone. Although the file types are different, they all present the same underlying risk.

Until you’ve installed this update, it’s an even worse idea than usual to open unsolicited messages and emails with images in them.

Scammers know more about you than you think. 

Malwarebytes Mobile Security protects you from phishing, scam texts, malicious sites, and more. With real-time AI-powered Scam Guard built right in. 

Download for iOS → Download for Android → 

A prayer app launched by Pope Francis in 2019 contained a security flaw that exposed the personal information of hundreds of thousands of users before it was finally fixed this year.

The app, Click To Pray, was developed by La Machi Communication for Good Causes for the Pope’s Worldwide Prayer Network. Pope Francis endorsed the service and had an account on it. The app offers a “digital community of prayer” by guiding people through three prayers each day.

In January this year, independent researcher BobDaHacker discovered a flaw in the app’s API endpoint. An API is an online service that responds to requests for data. Typically, only the mobile app should send such requests, and the API should only return information about the specific person using that app. However, BobDaHacker found it was giving out information about any of the app’s users to anyone who asked.

Apps typically query an endpoint by sending it a specific ID for the person using it. In this case, those IDs were simply sequential numbers. According to BobDaHacker, there were 719,517 registered IDs for the app, meaning over 700,000 users had information stored in the system.

The problem was that the API didn’t check whether someone requesting a record was actually authorised to see it. Anyone could request information for any ID, from 1 through to 719,517. The API would then return that user’s record, including:

• Email address
• First and last names
• Country
• Date of birth

This kind of flaw is known as an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) and we’ve seen it before. Stalkerware-type app TheTruthSpy was found leaking details on its victims via an IDOR vulnerability in 2022, and it still hadn’t been fixed two years later. The web server for the MiCODUS MV720 vehicle-tracking GPS device also had the vulnerability in 2022, putting 1.5 million people at risk.

A second flaw in the Click To Pray API made things worse. When people register with an app, the service typically sends a link to their email address containing a unique code known as a validation hash. Clicking the link proves they have access to that inbox and therefore own the email address they registered with.

Unfortunately, the Click To Pray API also returned the validation hash in its response when someone clicked the verification link. These responses are easy to inspect using a web browser’s developer tools, meaning an attacker could register an account using an email address they didn’t control and verify it before the real owner even saw the verification email.

Six months, nine contacts, zero replies

BobDaHacker first reported the bug on January 3, 2026, eventually emailing nine addresses spanning the Click To Pray service, the Pope’s Worldwide Prayer Network, and a general information address. They got no response. It was only fixed more than six months later after the researcher contacted a journalist, who filed a query with the Vatican.

Responsible disclosure only works when the recipient has a functioning intake process. Nine unanswered emails were a strong signal that no such process existed.

Not the first security flaw in a Vatican app

This isn’t the first security flaw involving a Vatican app. In 2019, UK firm Fidus Information Security found a flaw in the app for the Vatican’s Bluetooth eRosary device. It didn’t use a conventional password for logins. Instead, users entered their email address and the app sent a four-digit PIN to that address. They then entered the PIN to log in.

However, when the user entered their email address, the app also returned the PIN in plain text in its web response. That enabled an attacker to take over anyone’s account simply by inspecting the response.

That flaw was similar to the account verification issue that BobDaHacker discovered more than six years later. Although the incidents involved different apps, they show how the same type of security mistake can reappear years apart.

BobDaHacker also noted that Vatican City State introduced its own data protection regulation, Decree No. DCLVII, on April 30, 2024. The regulation requires appropriate safeguards for personal data. However, it’s not clear whether it applies directly to Click To Pray or the organisations that operate it.

What users can do now

Thankfully, someone on the Vatican side has now fixed the flaws, but the vulnerability meant that user data was exposed for a long time. If you registered an account, assume your email, name, date of birth, and country are potentially in circulation. Watch for phishing that references the app, and be especially skeptical of messages claiming to come from Vatican-affiliated services asking you to click, verify, or log in.

This is particularly important because BobDaHacker also reported that emails from the service failed standard email authentication checks. These checks help receiving email providers verify that a message really came from the domain it claims to represent. According to the researcher, this could make it easier for phishing attackers to impersonate the organisation.

Your name, address, and phone number may already be for sale.  

Data brokers collect and sell your personal details to anyone willing to pay. Malwarebytes Personal Data Remover finds them and gets your information removed, then keeps watch so it stays that way. 

SCAN NOW

Aftercall is a wave of deceptive Android apps on Google Play that pose as everyday tools while bombarding users with pop-up ads after every phone call.

When an unexpected ad pops up every time you hang up a call, it will slowly drive you crazy, especially if you can’t figure out what’s causing it. The ads appear outside the app’s normal context, making it difficult for users to identify and remove the culprit. 

Researchers investigating the campaign discovered a collection of these apps that masquerade as alarm clocks, calendars, and other seemingly harmless apps. After installation, they ask for permission to “appear on top” of other apps. That means they can show a full-screen ad every time you end a call, then hide themselves, making them difficult for users to find and uninstall.

Because the ads appear after you end a call, the researchers dubbed the campaign “Aftercall.”

How the Aftercall scheme works

Think of these apps as fake helpers that piggyback on your phone calls purely to generate ad impressions.

The apps disguise themselves as alarm clocks, calendars, note-taking apps, cleaners, or “super fast” messaging apps and are distributed through the Google Play Store. Researchers found dozens of new apps released every month, collectively responsible for hundreds of millions of ad impressions. 

They trick users into granting overlay permissions. Because Android doesn’t allow this permission to be granted through a standard pop-up, the app has to direct users into Settings, where they must enable it manually. To persuade them, the apps invent plausible reasons. One researcher explained:

“In one example, the alarm app explains that it needs to go off even when the phone is locked – without granting permission, alarms might not appear correctly. Another app, a calendar, doesn’t even leave users a choice – it simply closes, unless they grant the permission.”

Some of these apps also request full-screen notification permissions, allowing them to show ads even when the device is locked.

Aftercall apps monitor the phone’s call state. When it changes from “ringing” to “idle,” indicating that a call has ended, they immediately launch an activity using their overlay permission to pop a screen over everything else and show an ad.

To make the ads seem more legitimate, they wrap them in a fake “call info” screen, complete with caller details, a fake profile picture, and text suggesting the ad relates to the app’s functionality. For the user, this feels like some new post-call feature rather than an unrelated app showing adverts.

They hide to avoid detection and removal. Aftercall apps remove themselves from the “Recent apps” list so when users try the usual “swipe away the suspicious app” approach, they don’t see anything obvious.

How to stay safe

Besides being incredibly annoying for users, the Aftercall campaign also wastes advertisers’ money. After all, would you buy something pushed in this way?

If you see ads pop up right after you end a call, especially alongside fake “call info,” check which apps have the “appear on top” or overlay permissions.

The exact steps vary depending on your phone manufacturer and Android version, but you can usually find them by looking at Settings > Apps > More options (3 vertical dots) > Special access > Appear on top.

Look for apps you don’t recognize, rarely use, or that shouldn’t need overlay access, such as a simple notes app, clock, or cleaner. Disable their “Allow to appear on top” or “Display over other apps” permission. If you’re confident you’ve identified the culprit, uninstall it.

Use an up-to-date, real-time anti-malware app for your device to detect and remove malicious apps.

When installing apps, think carefully before granting permissions. Does the app really need the access it’s asking for to perform its function?

Finally, make sure Google Play Protect is enabled so it can regularly scan apps for known malicious behavior.

• Open the Google Play Store app on your phone.
• Tap your profile icon in the top-right corner.
• Tap Play Protect.
• Look at the main screen or tap the Settings gear icon to see if Scan apps with Play Protect is turned on.

Scammers know more about you than you think. 

Malwarebytes Mobile Security protects you from phishing, scam texts, malicious sites, and more. With real-time AI-powered Scam Guard built right in. 

Download for iOS → Download for Android → 

Sextortion scammers are using email addresses from data leaked by the ShinyHunters hacking group to add some credibility to their feeble attempts to convince people they have embarrassing information about them.

Sextortion emails are messages claiming that the scammer recorded you through your webcam while you watched pornography and now demand payment. They have been around for years and keep evolving with small changes in wording and fake technical detail.

In this campaign, the scammers pretend to be ShinyHunters. What hasn’t changed is the basic truth: there is no malware, no recording, and no credible evidence behind the threat. Despite seeing countless versions of these emails over the years, I’ve yet to encounter one that was backed up by the evidence the sender claimed to have.

BleepingComputer reports that ShinyHunters data leaks are fueling a $2,000 sextortion email scam and shared the following example:

“Subject: Information about your online security

Hello,

We are the ShinyHunters hacking group.
A few months ago, we gained access to your devices and started monitoring your online activities.

What happened:
We gained access to the Amtrak.com database where you have an account and easily accessed your email.
You weren’t very careful about the links you opened.
A week later, we installed an exploit on your devices, including your phone, giving us access to your microphone,
camera, keyboard, and all your data.
We have your photos, browsing history, conversations, and contact list.

Among other things, we discovered that you frequently visit adult websites and watch explicit videos.
We managed to record you and created videos of you pleasuring yourself.
With a few clicks, we can share these videos with your friends,
colleagues, and family or even make them public.

Proposal:
Send us $2000 in Bitcoin to the following wallet:
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

We’ll delete everything immediately.
You have 48 hours from the moment you open this email.
Once the payment is received, we’ll remove the malware from your devices.”

BleepingComputer states it has seen data from the Amtrak, Hallmark, ADT, Substack, Betterment, CarGurus, Panera Bread, and McGraw Hill breaches used to target victims in this sextortion email campaign.

A California community college also issued a warning after seeing the campaign target people affected by the Canvas data breach.

See if your personal data has been exposed.

SCAN NOW

They confirmed that the targeted email addresses had previously appeared in data leaked by ShinyHunters. They also contacted the group, which denied being behind the sextortion emails.

The increase to a $2,000 demand may suggest the scammers paid someone for the email lists. Although it’s more likely they simply downloaded the leaked data after ShinyHunters published it following failed extortion attempts.

A quick check of the Bitcoin address used in the email shows no activity.

No activity on their Bitcoin address

Let’s keep it that way. With any luck, these dungeon dwellers will eventually give up trying to scare people out of their hard-earned money.

How to react to sextortion emails

Some sextortion emails are badly written, but many have been polished by AI and look convincing. Regardless of how professional they look, they should be treated the same way: as unsubstantiated threats designed to scare victims into paying.

• First and foremost, never reply to emails of this kind. Responding confirms that someone is actively reading messages sent to that address and may encourage further scam attempts.
• Don’t let yourself be rushed into action. Scammers rely on the fact that you will not take the time to think this through and subsequently make mistakes. Ask for advice if you’re not sure.
• An attachment is not proof. Most sextortion emails contain no evidence at all, and attachments are often used to deliver malware or make the threats appear more convincing.
• If the email includes a password you’ve used before, change it immediately anywhere it’s still in use. Then enable two-factor authentication (2FA) wherever possible. If you’re having trouble keeping track of your passwords, consider using a password manager.
• Delete the message, report it as spam, and move on.

Pro tip: Malwarebytes Scam Guard recognized this email for what it is: sextortion. It can recognize scams and advise you how to proceed.

While these sextortion emails are almost always bluffs, if you’re concerned about webcam spying, Malwarebytes Webcam Monitoring can alert you when applications attempt to access your camera.

Scam or legit? Scam Guard knows.

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